You're right - and I think that your example would fall clearly under "fair use." If it's clearly for critique, review/commentary, or parody (which is a lot LESS clear to most people than they think), you'd be fine. If you're a teacher using it in a classroom for educational purposes, you'd be fine. Earn money from it (like using lyrics in a novel) it gets a LOT more problematic. But a lot of people do not realize that "fair use" isn't an absolute - it's a permissible use and a defense. And most of us don't want to go to court to defend anything if we don't have to!

Prima facie elements are the essential elements of a cause of action. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/prima_facie

Here's what I meant with my question: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/defamation#:~:text=To%20prove%20prima%20facie%20defamation,entity%20who%20is%20the%20subject